The Heavens on EarthThe Heavens on Earth explores the place of the observatory in nineteenth century science and culture. Astronomy was a core pursuit for observatories, but usually not the only one. It belonged to a larger group of observatory sciences that also included geodesy, meteorology, geomagnetism, and even parts of physics and statistics. These pursuits coexisted in the nineteenth century observatory; this collection surveys them as a coherent whole. Broadening