Niwaki Pruning BookIn Japan, trees pervade the physical landscape and have long held a lofty position in the countrys spiritual and sociocultural domain. Fittingly, Japanese gardeners have fine tuned a distinctive set of pruning techniques meant to coax out the essential characters of their garden trees, or niwaki. The approach is calculated and dramatic; niwaki are sculpted to achieve certain effects, from the appearance of maturity to an asymmetrical or even lightning