Colonial Memory and Postcolonial Europe: Maltese Settlers in Algeria and France[I]ntersects with very active areas of research in history and anthropology, and links these domains of inquiry spanning Europe and North Africa in a creative and innovative fashion. Douglas Holmes, Binghamton University Maltese settlers in colonial Algeria had never lived in France, but as French citizens were abruptly repatriated there after Algerian independence in 1962. In France today, these pieds noirs are often associated with Mediterranean