Becoming Refugee AmericanVietnamese refugees fleeing the fall of South Vietnam faced a paradox. The same guilt ridden America that only reluctantly accepted them expected, and rewarded, expressions of gratitude for their rescue. Meanwhile, their status as refugeesas opposed to willing immigrantsprofoundly influenced their cultural identity. Phuong Tran Nguyen examines the phenomenon of refugee nationalism among Vietnamese Americans in Southern California. Here, the residents