Unruly SpiritsUnruly Spirits connects the study of sances, telepathy, telekinesis, materializations, and other parapsychic phenomena in France during the age of Sigmund Freud to an epistemological crisis that would eventually yield the French adoption of psychoanalysis. Skillfully navigating experiments conducted by nineteenth century French psychical researchers and the wide ranging debates that surrounded their work, M. Brady Brower situates the institutional