The Papal Reform of the Eleventh Century: Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VIIThe eleventh century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048 9 1054) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073 85). This book contains the earliest biographies of Leo IX and Gregory VII, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The