Britannia's Embrace: Modern Humanitarianism and the Imperial Origins of Refugee ReliefOn the eve of the American Revolution, the refugee was, according to British tradition, a Protestant who sought shelter from continental persecution. By the turn of the twentieth century, however, British refuge would be celebrated internationally as being open to all persecuted foreigners. Britain had become a haven for fugitives as diverse as Karl Marx and Louis Napoleon, Simn Bolvar and Frederick Douglass. How and why did the refugee category