Dictators, Democracy, and American Public Culture: Envisioning the Totalitarian Enemy, 1920s-1950sFocusing on portrayals of Mussolini's Italy, Hitler's Germany, and Stalin's Russia in U. S. films, magazine and newspaper articles, books, plays, speeches, and other texts, Benjamin Alpers traces changing American understandings of dictatorship from the late 1920s through the early years of the Cold War. During the early 1930s, most Americans' conception of dictatorship focused on the dictator. Whether viewed as heroic or horrific, the dictator was